Biological psychiatry with its emphasis on neurotransmitters and receptors in relation to categorical taxonomies, is in need of a reorientation towards a more dimensional and functional neuropsychiatric one. Due to the overwhelming increase of neuroscientific knowledge, boundaries between different medical specialisms have been dissolved and the impact of genetic and intracellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases has become obvious. It concerns among others the effect of gene transcription on the expression of neurotransmitters and receptors that may account for an increased vulnerability for the development of a relapsing course. The acquired understanding of the relationship between behaviour and brain functionality on the anatomic, genetic and endo-crine level, warrants a renewed integration of psychiatry into the neurosciences as well as adaptation of the training program to the current state of knowledge in neuroscience.