After a brief orientation into the problem of cranial hyperostosis and in particular hyperostosis frontalis interna — the hyperostosis most frequently to be found in women — a clinical examination of three groups of female patients in a psychiatric clinic is reported. Each group consists of a hundred patients. Group I consists of patients with whom some variant of cranial hyperostosis had been diagnosed (according to Moore). Group II consists of women without any cranial hyperostosis (the same number of women for each age sub-group as in group I). Group III is a random selection of women admitted to the clinic; with 34% of these patients cranial hyperostosis was diagnosed. In the comparative examination obesitas, virile hair, hypertension, glucose metabolism, cholesterol rate of the blood, goitre, cataract, gynaecological affections, neurological disorders and psychopathological findings were taken into account. Where the psychopathology is concerned an optional division into three categories was chosen: predominantly depressive syndromes, predominantly cerebral-organic syndromes and 'other' syndromes. The results of this examination, in which a positive correlation between hyperostosis frontalis interna and depressive syndromes was found, are further specified in the light of existing theories concerning the relation of cranial hyperostosis and the symptoms associated with it.