ECT is a controversial treatment. Most of the concern over its use regards the effects ECT has on memory. The authors reviewed the literature on memory disturbances after bilateral ECT. The available literature does not permit firm conclusions because of problems with the comparability of the various studies and methodological weaknesses. Taken as a whole however, certain strong impressions arise from these studies. While longlasting memory disturbances appear to be very rare, temporary memory impairment after bilateral ECT has been clearly demonstrated. It is suggested that, in considering the use of ECT in depressive patients, the available research data do not support the view that cognitive impairment is of paramount importance.