background Catatonia is being increasingly viewed as a unique syndrome consisting of specific motor signs that respond characteristically and uniformly to benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. This interpretation is also reflected in changes in the classification of catatonia in dsm-5. An all-embracing pathogenesis of catatonia remains elusive.
aim To review the mechanisms of catatonia.
method We reviewed the literature.
results Certain aspects of catatonia can be explained by a number of different mechanisms. We present a new, more comprehensive model involving the vagal nerve.
conclusion Further research into the underlying mechanisms of catatonia is needed in order to to find new therapies.