Background The high and intensive care (HIC) model provides a framework for acute admission wards and is being implemented since 2013 by all mental healthcare institutions in the Netherlands.
Aim To investigate how the HIC model has been implemented between 2014 and 2018 and how the implementation of the HIC model is associated to coercive measures.
Method Between 2014 and 2018, 79 audits were organized in two phases within 25 institutions to measure the degree of implementation of HIC using a model fidelity scale, the HIC monitor. HIC monitor scores were compared to data on coercion to determine the relationship between implementation of the HIC model and coercive measures.
Results Scores on the HIC monitor increased over time, especially in terms of vision, hospitality and facilities. However, a third of wards scored lower on the HIC monitor in the second audit compared to the first audit. Institutions that score higher use less seclusion and use less forced medication.
Conclusion Progress in the implementation of the HIC model is visible and institutions that are further in the implementation of the HIC model apply less coercion. Securing implementation proves difficult. Attention should be paid to the national staff shortage and systematic evaluation of coercion.