summary Two delusional patients are described who had developed serious personal and social problems. Due to their lack of knowledge about their illness, the patients did not seek assistance and were unable to improve their living conditions unaided. A team of nurses from the Rotterdam Municipal Health Service intervened (Vangnet & Advies), applying coercive measures. The case studies discuss when compulsions and coercion are justified and whether such action is compatible with respect for patients' autonomy.